Anatomy & Physiology The Unity of Form and Function 8th Edition by Saladin Test Bank

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Anatomy & Physiology The Unity of Form and Function 8th Edition by Saladin Test Bank

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Chapter 02 The Chemistry of Life Answer Key

 

True / False Questions

 

1.	Minerals are organic elements extracted from the soil by plants.   FALSE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: List the important dietary minerals and describe the major uses of each mineral in the body. HAPS Topic: Module O01 Nutrition. Learning Outcome: State the functions of minerals in the body. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

2.	Molecules composed of two or more atoms are called compounds.   FALSE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Compare and contrast the terms atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: Distinguish between elements and compounds. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

3.	Hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are three isotopes of hydrogen.   TRUE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Explain how ions and isotopes are produced by changing the relative number of specific subatomic particles with respect to the structure of an atom. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: Explain the basis for radioactivity and the types and hazards of ionizing radiation. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

4.	Potassium, sodium, and chlorine are trace elements.   FALSE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Compare and contrast the terms atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: Distinguish between elements and compounds. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

5.	Ionic bonds break apart in water more easily than covalent bonds do.   TRUE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: List each type of bond in order by relative strength with respect to non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding. Learning Outcome: Define the types of chemical bonds. Section: Topic: Chemical bonding

 

 

 

6.	A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined.   TRUE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Distinguish among the terms solution, solute, solvent, colloid suspension, and emulsion. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: Show how three kinds of mixtures differ from each other. Section: Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions

 

 

 

7.	The pH of blood plasma is approximately , which is slightly acidic.   FALSE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: State acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH values. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale. Section: Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions

 

 

 

8.	The high heat capacity of water makes it a very ineffective coolant.   FALSE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Discuss the physiologically important properties of water. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: Describe the biologically important properties of water. Section: Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions

 

 

 

9.	In an exchange reaction, covalent bonds are broken and new covalent bonds are formed.   TRUE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions. Section: Topic: Chemical bonding

 

 

 

10.	Chemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones are called catabolic reactions.   TRUE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: Define metabolism and its two subdivisions. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

11.	The opposite of a dehydration synthesis reaction is a hydrolysis reaction.   TRUE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

12.	Unsaturated fatty acids have as much hydrogen as they can carry.   FALSE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss the types and functions of lipids. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

13.	A dipeptide is a molecule with two peptide bonds.   FALSE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss protein structure and function. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

14.	All amino acids have both a carboxyl group and an amino group attached to a central carbon.   TRUE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss protein structure and function. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

15.	ATP is the body’s most important form of long-term energy storage.   FALSE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell. HAPS Topic: Module C05 Energy transfer using ATP. Learning Outcome: Describe the structure, production, and function of ATP. Section: Topic: Energy transfer using ATP

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

16.	The most abundant element in the human body, by weight, is __________.   A. nitrogen   B. hydrogen   C. carbon   D. oxygen   E. calcium

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Compare and contrast the terms atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: Identify the elements of the body from their symbols. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

17.	Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has __________.   A. 12 neutrons and 11 protons   B. 12 protons and 11 neutrons   C. 12 electrons and 11 neutrons   D. 12 protons and 11 electrons   E. 12 electrons and 11 protons

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Distinguish among the terms atomic number, mass number and atomic weight with respect to the structure of an atom. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: Identify the elements of the body from their symbols. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

18.	The chemical properties of an atom are determined by its __________.   A. protons   B. electrons   C. neutrons   D. protons and neutrons   E. particles

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Relate the number of electrons in an electron shell to an atoms chemical stability and its ability to form chemical bonds with respect to the structure of an atom. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: Distinguish between elements and compounds. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

19.

Na (atomic no. 11) reacts with Cl (atomic no. 17) to become stable. In the reaction, Na will ____________, while Cl will ____________.   A. accept one electron; give up one electron   B. give up one proton; accept one proton   C. share one electron with chlorine; share one electron with sodium   D. become an anion; become a cation   E. give up one electron; accept one electron

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Explain the mechanism of each type of non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding. Learning Outcome: Define the types of chemical bonds. Section: Topic: Chemical bonding

 

 

 

20.	Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many valence electrons does it have?   A. 2   B. 4   C. 6   D. 8   E. 16

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Distinguish among the terms atomic number, mass number and atomic weight with respect to the structure of an atom. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: Distinguish between elements and compounds. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

21.	Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form a(n) __________ bond.   A. hydrogen   B. nonpolar covalent   C. polar covalent   D. ionic   E. Van der Waals

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Explain the mechanism of each type of non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding. Learning Outcome: Define the types of chemical bonds. Section: Topic: Chemical bonding

 

 

 

22.

When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water __________.   A. Na+ and Cl– form ionic bonds with each other   B. Na+ and Cl– form polar covalent bonds with each other   C. Na+ and Cl– form hydrogen bonds with water   D. Ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl– are broken   E. Na+ and Cl– become separated by their Van der Waals forces

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Explain the mechanism of each type of non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding. Learning Outcome: Define the types of chemical bonds. Section: Topic: Chemical bonding

 

 

 

23.	The bonding properties of an atom are determined by its __________.   A. electrons   B. protons   C. positrons   D. neutrons   E. photons

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Relate the number of electrons in an electron shell to an atoms chemical stability and its ability to form chemical bonds with respect to the structure of an atom. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: Define the types of chemical bonds. Section: Topic: Chemical bonding

 

 

 

24.	What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another?   A. An ionic bond   B. A peptide bond   C. A hydrogen bond   D. A covalent bond   E. A hydrolytic bond

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Explain the mechanism of each type of non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding. Learning Outcome: Define the types of chemical bonds. Section: Topic: Chemical bonding

 

 

 

Check All That Apply Questions

 

25.	Which of these is a cation? Check all that apply.   __ O2 X K+ X Na+ X Ca2+ __ Cl–

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Compare and contrast the terms ions, electrolytes, free radicals, isotopes and radioisotopes. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: Distinguish between ions, electrolytes, and free radicals. Section: Topic: Chemical bonding

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

26.

__________ account for of the body’s weight.   A. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine   B. Carbon, oxygen, iron, sodium, potassium, and chlorine   C. Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine   D. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium   E. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Compare and contrast the terms atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: Identify the elements of the body from their symbols. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

27.	__________ differ from one another in their number of neutrons and atomic mass.   A. Cations   B. Anions   C. Isotopes   D. Electrolytes   E. Free radicals

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Compare and contrast the terms ions, electrolytes, free radicals, isotopes and radioisotopes. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: Explain the basis for radioactivity and the types and hazards of ionizing radiation. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

28.	When jumping into water you notice resistance. This resistance is caused by water’s __________.   A. adhesiveness   B. cohesiveness   C. hydrophobic tension   D. hydrophilic tension   E. osmotic equilibrium

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Discuss the physiologically important properties of water. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: Describe the biologically important properties of water. Section: Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions

 

 

 

29.	Which of these is hydrophobic?   A. Glucose   B. K+   C. Cl–   D. Water   E. Fat

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Discuss the physiologically important properties of water. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: Describe the biologically important properties of water. Section: Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions

 

 

 

30.

Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. The NaCl is in a(n) __________, the protein is in a(n) __________, and the cells are in a __________.   A. emulsion; solution; suspension   B. solvent; emulsion; colloid   C. colloid; suspension; solution   D. suspension; colloid; solution   E. solution; colloid; suspension

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Distinguish among the terms solution, solute, solvent, colloid suspension, and emulsion. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: Show how three kinds of mixtures differ from each other. Section: Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions

 

 

 

31.	Which of these is the most appropriate to express the number of molecules per volume?   A. Molarity   B. Volume   C. Percentage   D. Weight per volume   E. Milliequivalents per liter

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Distinguish among the terms solution, solute, solvent, colloid suspension, and emulsion. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: Discuss some ways in which the concentration of a solution can be expressed, and the kinds of information we can derive from the different units of measure. Section: Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions

 

 

 

32.	A solution with pH 4 has __________ the H+ concentration of a solution with pH 8.   A. ½   B. 2 times   C. 4 times   D. 10,000 times   E. 1/10,000

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define the terms pH, acid, base, and buffer and give examples of physiological significance. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale. Section: Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions

 

 

 

33.	Which of these has the highest H+ concentration?   A. Lemon juice, pH =   B. Red wine, pH =   C. Tomato juice, pH =   D. Saliva, pH =   E. Household ammonia, pH =

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: State acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH values. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale. Section: Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions

 

 

 

34.

In a workout your muscle cells produce lactate, yet you maintain a constant blood pH because _________.   A. metabolic acids are neutralized in muscle cells before released into the blood   B. metabolic bases are produced at the same rate by muscle cells to neutralize the acids   C. the respiratory system removes excess H+ from the blood before the pH is lowered   D. the body contains chemicals called buffers that resist changes in pH   E. endothelial cells secrete excess H+ to prevent a decrease in pH

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define the terms pH, acid, base, and buffer and give examples of physiological significance. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale. Section: Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions

 

 

 

35.	A solution that resists a change in pH when an acid or base is added to it is a(n) __________.   A. buffer   B. catalyst   C. reducing agent   D. oxidizing agent   E. colloid

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define the terms pH, acid, base, and buffer and give examples of physiological significance. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale. Section: Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions

 

 

 

36.	A chemical reaction that removes electrons from an atom is called a(n) __________ reaction.   A. reduction   B. condensation   C. hydrolysis   D. anabolic   E. oxidation

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: Define oxidation and reduction, and relate these to changes in the energy content of a molecule. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

37.	The most relevant free energy in human physiology is the energy stored in __________.   A. electrolytes ionized in water   B. free radicals with an odd number of electrons   C. radioisotopes   D. the chemical bonds of organic molecules   E. Van der Waals forces

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: Define energy and work, and describe some types of energy. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

38.	The breakdown of glycogen (an energy-storage compound) is an example of a(n) __________ reaction.   A. exergonic   B. endergonic   C. exchange   D. synthesis   E. equilibrium

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

39.	Potential energy stored in bonds is released as __________ energy.   A. electromagnetic   B. electrical   C. chemical   D. heat   E. kinetic

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

40.	The breakdown of glucose to yield carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP can be described as __________.   A. anabolic and endergonic   B. catabolic and exergonic   C. anabolic and exergonic   D. catabolic and endergonic   E. anabolic and exothermic

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: Define metabolism and its two subdivisions. Section: Topic: Cellular respiration

 

 

 

41.	Which one of the following would not increase the rate of a reaction?   A. An increase in reactant concentrations   B. A rise in temperature   C. The presence of a catalyst   D. The presence of an enzyme   E. A decrease in reactant concentrations

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Identify the factors that govern the speed and direction of a reaction. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

42.	Which of the following terms encompasses all of the other ones?   A. Catabolism   B. Anabolism   C. Metabolism   D. Oxidation reactions   E. Reduction reactions

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: Define metabolism and its two subdivisions. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

43.	The breakdown of starch by digestive enzymes into glucose molecules is a(n) __________ reaction.   A. synthesis   B. decomposition   C. exchange   D. anabolic   E. reduction

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

44.	Which of the following equations depicts an exchange reaction?   A. AB → A + B   B. A + B → AB   C. AB + CD → AC + BD   D. AB → A– + B+   E. A + B → AB → C + D

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Understand how chemical reactions are symbolized by chemical equations. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

45.	A(n) __________ is a group of atoms that determines many of the properties of an organic molecule.   A. carboxyl group   B. functional group   C. hydroxyl group   D. amino group   E. phosphate group

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Identify some common functional groups of organic molecules from their formulae. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

46.	Which of the following is not an organic compound?   A. C16H18N3ClS   B. Na2HPO3(H2O)5   C. CH4   D. C3H7O2N

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define the term organic molecule. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Explain why carbon is especially well suited to serve as the structural foundation of many biological molecules. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

47.	A __________ reaction breaks a __________ down into its monomers.   A. hydrolysis; polymer   B. dehydration synthesis; molecule   C. dehydration synthesis; polymer   D. polymer; molecule   E. condensation; reactant

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss the relevance of polymers to biology and explain how they are formed and broken by dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

48.	The formula of an amino group is __________; the formula of a carboxyl group is __________.   A. -COOH; -OH   B. -CH3; -NH2   C. -OH; -SH   D. -NH2; -COOH   E. -SH; -H2PO4

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Identify some common functional groups of organic molecules from their formulae. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

49.	Table sugar is a disaccharide called __________ and is made up of the monomer(s) __________.   A. maltose; glucose and sucrose   B. sucrose; glucose and fructose   C. lactose; glucose and galactose   D. glycogen; glucose and fructose   E. glucose; galactose and fructose

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

50.	Which of the following is a disaccharide?   A. Galactose   B. Lactose   C. Glucose   D. Fructose   E. Amylose

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

51.	__________ is a monosaccharide, whereas __________ is a polysaccharide.   A. Fructose; sucrose   B. Galactose; maltose   C. Lactose; glycogen   D. Glucose; starch   E. Cellulose; glucose

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

52.	In general, __________ have a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.   A. enzymes   B. proteins   C. lipids   D. carbohydrates   E. nucleic acids

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

53.	Proteoglycans are composed of __________.   A. carbohydrates and fats   B. nucleic acids and fats   C. carbohydrates and proteins   D. proteins and fats   E. nucleic acids and proteins

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

54.	Triglycerides consist of a 3-carbon compound called __________ bound to three __________.   A. pyruvate; fatty acids   B. lactate; glycerols   C. eicosanoid; steroids   D. glycerol; fatty acids   E. sterol; fatty acids

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss the types and functions of lipids. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

55.	__________ are major components of cell membranes, and are said to be __________.   A. Triglycerides; hydrophobic   B. Steroids; hydrophilic   C. Bile acids; fat-soluble   D. Eicosanoids; water-soluble   E. Phospholipids; amphiphilic

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss the types and functions of lipids. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

56.	Which of these molecules is hydrophobic?   A. Glucose   B. Cholesterol   C. Amino acid   D. Protein   E. Disaccharide

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss the types and functions of lipids. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

57.	Proteins perform all of the following functions except __________.   A. catalyze metabolic reactions   B. give structural strength to cells and tissues   C. produce muscular and other forms of movement   D. regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells   E. store hereditary information

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Discuss physiological and structural roles in the human body of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss protein structure and function. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

58.	A drastic conformational change in a protein in response to extreme heat or pH is called __________.   A. contamination   B. denaturation   C. saturation   D. sedimentation   E. deconformation

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss protein structure and function. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

59.	Proteins are __________ built from __________ different amino acids.     A. monomers; 10   B. molecules; 10   C. polymers; 20   D. macromolecules; 40   E. peptides:25

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss protein structure and function. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

60.	The folding and coiling of a protein into a globular shape is the __________ structure of the protein.   A. primary   B. secondary   C. tertiary   D. quaternary   E. denatured

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss protein structure and function. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

61.	An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its __________.   A. active site   B. receptor   C. secondary structure   D. terminal amino acid   E. alpha chain

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Explain how enzymes function. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

62.	__________ is the substrate of __________.   A. Glucose; lactose   B. Lactase; glucose   C. Lactose; lactase   D. Galactose; lactose   E. Sucrase; sucrose

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Explain how enzymes function. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

63.	All enzymes are __________.   A. cofactors   B. proteins   C. lipids   D. carbohydrates   E. nucleic acids

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Explain how enzymes function. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

64.	Nucleic acids are __________ of __________.   A. monomers; monosaccharides   B. monomers; ATP   C. polymers; nucleotides   D. polymers; cAMP   E. polymers; DNA

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Identify the principal types of nucleic acids. Section: Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

65.	ATP__________ endergonic and exergonic reactions.   A. opposes   B. decomposes   C. reduces   D. links   E. dehydrates

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell. HAPS Topic: Module C05 Energy transfer using ATP. Learning Outcome: Describe the structure, production, and function of ATP. Section: Topic: Energy transfer using ATP Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

66.	Minerals are found in all of the following except __________.   A. bones and teeth   B. vitamins   C. thyroid hormone   D. electrolytes

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: List the important dietary minerals and describe the major uses of each mineral in the body. HAPS Topic: Module O01 Nutrition. Learning Outcome: State the functions of minerals in the body. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

67.	An atom with 12 electrons, 13 neutrons, and 11 protons is a(n) __________.     A. anion   B. cation   C. free radical   D. isotope   E. both an anion and an isotope   F. both an anion and a free radical

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Compare and contrast the terms ions, electrolytes, free radicals, isotopes and radioisotopes. HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules. Learning Outcome: Distinguish between ions, electrolytes, and free radicals. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

68.	The concentration of a solution may be expressed by all of the following except _________.   A. weight per volume   B. percentage   C. molarity   D. pH

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Distinguish among the terms solution, solute, solvent, colloid suspension, and emulsion. HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions. Learning Outcome: Discuss some ways in which the concentration of a solution can be expressed, and the kinds of information we can derive from the different units of measure. Section: Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions

 

 

 

69.	The vibration of an ear drum is an example of __________ energy.   A. kinetic   B. potential   C. elastic   D. radiant

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell. HAPS Topic: Module C05 Energy transfer using ATP. Learning Outcome: Define energy and work, and describe some types of energy. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

70.	In the following reaction, what is(are) the product(s)?  CO2 + H2O —> H2CO3   A. H2CO3   B. CO2 and H2O   C. CO2 and H2CO3   D. H2O and H2CO3

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Understand how chemical reactions are symbolized by chemical equations. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

71.	Which of the following will increase the rate of a chemical reaction?   A. An increase in reactant concentration   B. An increase in product concentration   C. A decreased temperature   D. Enzyme inhibition

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Identify the factors that govern the speed and direction of a reaction. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules

 

 

 

72.	Carbon is very versatile in forming bonds with other atoms because it has __________ valence electrons.   A. four   B. two   C. eight   D. six

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define the term organic molecule. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Explain why carbon is especially well suited to serve as the structural foundation of many biological molecules. Section: Topic: Chemical bonding Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

73.	Amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks starches down into sugars through __________ reactions.   A. hydrolysis   B. dehydration synthesis   C. anabolic   D. endergonic

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Discuss the relevance of polymers to biology and explain how they are formed and broken by dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

74.	Which of the following is not a nucleotide?   A. RNA   B. GTP   C. ATP   D. cAMP

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds. Learning Outcome: Identify the principal types of nucleic acids. Section: Topic: Organic compounds

 

 

 

75.	Metabolism is the sum of __________ and __________.   A. inhalation; exhalation   B. growth; differentiation   C. anabolism; catabolism   D. positive; negative feedback   E. responsiveness; movement

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism. Learning Outcome: Define metabolism and its two subdivisions. Section: Topic: Energy transfer using ATP

 

 

 

True / False Questions

 

76.	A molecule that is oxidized gains electrons and energy.   FALSE

 

 

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation. HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding. Learning Outcome: Define oxidation and reduction, and relate these to changes in the energy content of a molecule. Section: Topic: Atoms and molecules